Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, also known as SGPT, is an enzyme that helps the liver convert food into energy. ALT is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, but also in red blood cells, heart cells, muscle tissue and other organs, such as the pancreas and kidneys. This test may be recommended by a doctor to evaluate whether there is a disease, drug, or injury that has caused damage to your liver. This test evaluates the levels of GPT in the blood serum. The amount of ALT in the blood is directly related to the extent of the tissue damage.

If someone in your family has a history of liver problems, it’s a good idea to include this test in your regular health check-up. For individuals with known liver conditions, this test helps monitor the effectiveness of treatments and track disease progression.

Importance of the test

SGPT test is an important test especially for those having liver-related issues:

Liver function: The SGPT enzyme helps in normal liver function. The test is useful in assessing liver health, including the case of typhoid fever.

Liver damage: Elevated SGPT levels may indicate liver damage or inflammation, making the test essential for individuals with alcohol use disorders.

Liver diseases: This test is suggested for those who are already suffering from liver diseases, including hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), jaundice (high bilirubin levels), and hepatic failure (liver malfunction).

Cirrhosis: Your doctor may recommend this test to evaluate cirrhosis, the advanced stage of liver fibrosis, which causes damage and scarring to the liver.

Liver tumours: A high level of SGPT in the blood may be indicative of abnormal tissue masses in the liver, which may be benign or malignant.

Liver ischemia: Hepatic ischemia occurs when the liver does not get enough blood or oxygen, causing injury to liver cells.

Monitoring medications: This test helps monitor the effects of certain medications such as anti-tuberculosis drugs or antibiotics. Some medications may elevate SGPT levels in the blood.

Pregnancy monitoring: SGPT levels fluctuate during pregnancy. Elevated SGPT levels may indicate that the patient is suffering from a liver issue.

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Preparation for the test

No special preparations are required for this test. Since it doesn’t require any fasting, you can eat and drink normally before the test. If you are taking any medications or supplements, inform your doctor as these can affect ALT levels. Prior to the test, you may be asked to stop taking certain medications temporarily.

How is this test performed?

It is a simple blood test. The lipid profile test is typically performed after a 12-hour fast to ensure accurate results. Blood is drawn from a vein in the arm, and the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The normal range for lipid levels can vary depending on

age, gender, and other factors.

Abnormal lipid levels can be a sign of an underlying health condition. Lifestyle factors, such as a diet high in saturated fats, lack of physical activity, and smoking, can also contribute to high lipid levels. Certain medications, such as beta-blockers and diuretics, can also affect lipid levels.

What causes higher SGPT levels?

  • You drink too much alcohol
  • You have mononucleosis
  • You have a chronic liver infection or inflammation
  • You have gallbladder inflammation, such as may be caused by gallstones
  • You have a gallbladder infection
  • You have congested blood flow through the liver due to heart failure
  • You have liver cancer or another cancer that has spread to the liver

Disclaimer: For personalised advice and further information, always consult your doctor or qualified healthcare professional.