When it comes to repairing teeth damaged by decay, trauma, or wear, dental fillings are a common and effective solution. Today, patients can choose from a variety of filling materials, each with its own unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Understanding the different types of dental fillings available is crucial in making an informed decision that suits your oral health needs, budget, and personal preferences. 

In this article, the dentist in Easton, MA will explore the various types of dental fillings, their materials, benefits, and drawbacks, to help you make the best choice for a healthy, beautiful smile.

Amalgam Fillings

Amalgam fillings, also known as silver fillings, are a type of dental filling made from a mixture of:

  • Mercury (50%)
  • Silver (22-32%)
  • Tin (14%)
  • Copper (8%)
  • Zinc (2-4%)

Advantages:

  • Durability: Amalgam fillings are resistant to wear and tear, making them suitable for large fillings and teeth that withstand heavy chewing forces.
  • Affordability: Amalgam fillings are generally less expensive than other types of fillings.
  • Easy to place: Amalgam fillings are relatively simple to place, requiring minimal preparation.

Disadvantages:

  • Aesthetics: Amalgam fillings are silver in color, making them visible in the mouth.
  • Mercury concerns: Mercury toxicity has raised health concerns, although the FDA and ADA have deemed amalgam fillings safe.
  • Expansion and contraction: Amalgam fillings can expand and contract with temperature changes, potentially causing tooth damage.
  • Not suitable for all teeth: Amalgam fillings are not recommended for front teeth or teeth with minimal enamel.

Composite Resin Fillings

Composite fillings, also known as tooth-colored fillings, are a type of dental filling made from a mixture of:

  • Plastic resin (polymer)
  • Glass particles (silica or quartz)
  • Colorants (to match tooth color)

Advantages:

  • Aesthetics: Composite fillings blend with natural tooth color, making them virtually invisible.
  • Bonding: Composite fillings bond well with tooth structure, creating a strong and durable restoration.
  • Versatility: Composite fillings can be used for various applications, including small to medium-sized fillings, chips, and cracks.
  • Tooth conservation: Composite fillings require less tooth preparation, preserving more natural tooth structure.

Disadvantages:

  • Durability: Composite fillings are less durable than amalgam fillings and may not withstand heavy chewing forces.
  • Cost: Composite fillings are generally more expensive than amalgam fillings.
  • Shrinkage: Composite fillings can shrink over time, potentially causing tooth sensitivity or leakage.
  • Staining: Composite fillings can stain or discolor over time, affecting their appearance.

Glass Ionomer Cement

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) fillings are a type of dental filling made from a mixture of:

  • Glass powder (silicate glass)
  • Polyacrylic acid
  • Water

Advantages:

  • Fluoride release: GIC fillings release fluoride, which helps prevent tooth decay and strengthen surrounding teeth.
  • Bonding: GIC fillings bond well with tooth structure, creating a strong and durable restoration.
  • Aesthetics: GIC fillings are tooth-colored, making them suitable for visible teeth.
  • Non-toxic: GIC fillings are biocompatible and non-toxic.

Disadvantages:

  • Durability: GIC fillings are less durable than composite or amalgam fillings and may not withstand heavy chewing forces.
  • Wear and tear: GIC fillings can wear down over time, potentially requiring replacement.
  • Sensitive teeth: GIC fillings can cause tooth sensitivity due to their acidity.
  • Limited use: GIC fillings are not suitable for large fillings or teeth that withstand heavy chewing forces.

Ceramic Fillings

Ceramic fillings, also known as porcelain fillings, are a type of dental filling made from:

  • Porcelain (ceramic material)
  • Glass particles
  • Colorants (to match tooth color)

Advantages:

  • Aesthetics: Ceramic fillings are highly aesthetic, matching natural tooth color and translucency.
  • Durability: Ceramic fillings are highly resistant to wear and tear, making them suitable for long-term use.
  • Stain resistance: Ceramic fillings are resistant to stains and discoloration.
  • Biocompatibility: Ceramic fillings are non-toxic and biocompatible.

Disadvantages:

  • Cost: Ceramic fillings are more expensive than other types of fillings.
  • Multiple visits: Ceramic fillings require multiple dental visits for preparation and placement.
  • Sensitivity: Ceramic fillings can cause tooth sensitivity due to their hardness.
  • Fracture risk: Ceramic fillings can fracture or crack if subjected to heavy forces.

Consult with your dentist to determine the best option for your unique needs.